Could islands enable safe gene drive field trials? Evidence from conservation and malaria research

Islands are emerging as the most promising locations for the first field trials of gene drive technology, offering natural containment for both invasive species suppression and malaria vector control. This literature review examines ideal trial sites on paper, what models and genomic data reveal about spread and localisation in island–mainland systems, the logistical and management realities of trials on inhabited islands, and the governance, policy reframing, and community engagement needed for responsible deployment. The discussion highlights how islands’ bounded scale and ecological simplicity create unique opportunities to demonstrate safe, impactful outcomes. As a living literature review, this article will be updated as new research, trial proposals, and policy developments arise.