Enhanced Biodiesel Synthesis from Ultraviolet pretreated (UV) Microalgae Oil through Catalyst Selection and Optimization of Transesterification Parameters

In light of the growing concerns about the energy crisis, climate change, and resource depletion, microalgae have attracted a lot of attention as a potential biofuel feedstock. This study focussed on biodiesel synthesis using UV pretreated microalgae oil, selection of potential catalyst and optimization of process conditions to improve biodiesel quality by reducing contaminants and increasing transesterification efficiency. From three various types of catalysts, the best one (KOH) was chosen based on the quantity and quality of biodiesel. By carefully examining the impact of several reaction parameters, including temperature, catalyst wt%, oil to methanol ratio, and reaction time, an ideal biodiesel yield of 79.00% was achieved. The biodiesel that was synthesised was examined using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS), Fourier transform-infrared radiation (FTIR) spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR). The GC-MS analysis of algae biodiesel showed that it contains saturated fatty acids, which enhance its combustion properties and resistance to oxidation, making it suitable for use in vehicles without modifying the engines too much. The biodiesel fuel's characteristics were evaluated using specific testing protocols that adhered to ASTM and EN standards. By using UV pretreatment, carefully selecting catalysts, and methodically adjusting reaction parameters, a viable approach for sustainable algae based biodiesel generation