Histological and epigenetic effects of woodchip biochar amendment on hard-setting pasture soil to soil fauna, at agronomically representative application rates

Submitted to Environment International Acknowledgements This work was funded by national funds through FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia I.P., under the projects CESAM-Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, ref. UID/50017/2025 (doi.org/10.54499/UID/50017/2025) and LA/P/0094/2020 (doi.org/10.54499/LA/P/0094/2020), and POLLINATE (FCT; PTDC/EAM-AMB/1509/2021). We further acknowledge FCT for the funding of authors R. Bicho (https://doi.org/10.54499/2021.01725.CEECIND/CP1659/CT0003), F. Verheijen (CEECIND/02509/2018+2023.06689.CEECIND), as well as A.C. Bastos through Contract-Program FCT-Tenure 1st Edition (https://doi.org/10.54499/2023.16864.ICDT). Authors also wish to thank Bruno Campino for helping in the laboratory.