A Comparative Study on Cost Structure and Profitability of Beekeeping in Ramban, Kathua and Jammu Districts of Jammu Division of Jammu and Kashmir

Abstract— This study investigates the economic profitability of honey production in the Ramban, Kathua, and Jammu districts of Jammu Division, J&K, highlighting its potential as a sustainable livelihood. Using a stratified sampling approach, 200 beekeepers across high-, medium-, and low-density districts were surveyed to collect data on production costs, returns, socio-economic variables, and constraints. The analysis revealed significant inter-district variation in performance. Ramban district emerged as the most productive, yielding 7,196 quintals of honey and 486.6 quintals of beeswax, and the most profitable, with gross returns of ₹17,864.52 per quintal and a benefit-cost ratio (BCR) of 10.05. Kathua and Jammu districts also showed positive, though lower, profitability. The study concludes that apiculture is a highly profitable venture in the region, with an aggregate BCR of 7.95. Strategic interventions—including improved market access, value addition, cooperative models, and policies to reduce cost-price spreads—are recommended to enhance profitability and sustainability across all districts.