From Awareness to Action: A Critical Review of Public Knowledge and Behavioral Gaps in Addressing Plastic Pollution

Plastic pollution is a global crisis. Although public awareness of plastic pollution is high, meaningful action remains limited. This review explores the reasons behind this gap. We synthesized recent literature between 2020–2025 on public knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to plastic pollution using a structured review methodology. Findings show that while people recognize the problem, their understanding is often narrow. Many focus on visible items like bottles and bags. Few know about microplastics from clothes or tires. This incomplete knowledge limits effective responses. Key barriers to action include convenience, cost, social norms, and distrust in recycling systems. Health concerns and local impacts are stronger motivators than general environmental worry. Effective communication must address these factors. This review concludes that awareness alone is insufficient. We need strategies that target behavioral change. Education should build complete understanding and practical skills. This approach is essential to effectively bridge the gap between awareness and action.