A Universe of Paths I: Discrete Histories, Comparison, and Emergent Structure
Abstract
We develop a fully discrete substrate in which “spacetime” is not postulated but read fromcombinatorial data at integer ticks. Time is the depth parameter of a rooted seven–branchtree whose nodes encode finite hereditary histories (words over a seven–symbol alphabet), andthe observable “present” at tick t is the explicit spatial projection of the entire front Ft = Atonto the expanding L1 ball Ut = {z ∈ Z3 : ∥z∥1 ≤ t}. Because the number of histories growsas |Ft| = 7t while the number of spatial sites grows only cubically, the projection is massivelynon–injective: each site carries a large fibre Ft(q) = X−1t (q) and thus a canonical internalmicrostructure at fixed location. Each hereditary history corresponds to a discrete path onthe present sphere. In this precise sense, the model can be understood as a universe of paths.On this substrate we define primitive direction data (spines), introduce observers asperiodic hereditary realisations with a fixed drift direction and a reduced excess–time density,and build comparison protocols that are operational at tick resolution. Along a commonspine, synchronisation by common lightlike content yields exact rational identities for timeratios and induced speed orderings. For different directions and different realisations, wedefine a direct reading protocol: from the tickwise relative path RB|A(t) = XB(t) − XA(t)we extract a relative displacement, a relative spine, and a relative lightlike normalisationentirely by finite integer/rational arithmetic.The central structural outcome is that multi–path comparison is generically non–commutative.When recentering operations are chained across several observers, closing a cycle need notreturn to the starting point at tick resolution; the resulting integer closure defect definesa discrete translational holonomy. We then shift viewpoint from reference procedures topersistent content: finite periodic patterns (cycles) are identified as the stable structuresthat can inhabit bounded regions, and their internal slack (unsaturated ticks) is isolated asa mass–like attribute that sources holonomy in comparison networks. Finally, we outlinean intrinsic emergence layer: exhaustive generation in the tree supplies the motor, maturitypromotes cyclic persistence in bounded regions, and compatibility under holonomy selects organisedfamilies of cycles, yielding an effective curvature bookkeeping that guides subsequentmotion.
Fields of Study & Subjects
Cellular Automata and Applications
Noncommutative and Quantum Gravity Theories
Relativity and Gravitational Theory
Publication details
- Journal / source
- Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
- Publication date
- 31 January 2026
- Document type
- Preprint