Nanogel-based transdermal delivery systems for neuropathic pain management

Neuropathic pain is a chronic condition arising from lesions or dysfunction of the somatosensory nervous system and remains difficult to treat with conventional oral medications due to poor bioavailability and systemic side effects. Transdermal delivery provides a promising alternative that bypasses hepatic first-pass metabolism and allows sustained drug release. In recent years, nanogel based systems three dimensional, hydrophilic polymeric networks of nanoscale size have emerged as versatile carriers capable of encapsulating both hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs. Their large surface area, tunable porosity, and responsiveness to physiological stimuli enhance skin penetration and enable controlled release at targeted sites. Key emphasis is placed on polymer selection, transdermal permeation mechanisms, preclinical outcomes, and translational challenges. Current evidence suggests that nanogel systems containing gabapentin, pregabalin, and lidocaine demonstrate superior pharmacokinetic profiles and patient compliance compared with conventional gels. However, large scale manufacturing, stability, and regulatory standardization remain critical hurdles. Continuous innovation in polymer design and stimuli-responsive nanogels is expected to expand their clinical potential in chronic neuropathic pain therapy.