Project T Volume IX : Emergence of the Hamiltonian From Triple Hopf Structure to Time Evolution
Abstract
This volume demonstrates the emergence of the Hamiltonian from the Triple Hopf structure of H₀(Ã₂). We show that the three coproducts Δ₁, Δ₂, Δ₃ generate a Lie algebra through their commutators, whose Casimir invariant C = Δ₁² + Δ₂² + Δ₃² naturally defines energy. The Hamiltonian H = (ℏω/3)C emerges as the unique operator that generates time evolution consistently with the ℤ₃ symmetry. The Schrödinger equation is not postulated but derived. Energy quantization follows from modular invariance via η²⁴, explaining why E_n = 3n for n ∈ ℕ. This framework explains the three generations as Casimir eigenstates, the arrow of time as algebraic chirality, and the second law of thermodynamics as a consequence of the commutation deficit C(K).
Fields of Study & Subjects
Advanced Topics in Algebra
Advanced Mathematical Theories and Applications
Relativity and Gravitational Theory
Publication details
- Journal / source
- Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
- Publication date
- 31 January 2026
- Document type
- Preprint