Introducing a Bilingual Holistic Animal Health and Welfare Questionnaire: A One Health-Oriented Research Tool

This study introduces a bilingual and multidimensional questionnaire in the field of animal health and welfare, inspired by the One Health approach. Existing instruments in many veterinary fields often focus on clinical, behavioral or welfare aspects separately and rarely provide an integrated approach. In addition, language limitations make it difficult to widely use standardized instruments in different cultural and research contexts. The present questionnaire aims to fill this gap and assesses dimensions of physical health, behavioral indicators and key components of animal welfare in a coherent framework. Its structure is structured in such a way that it can be used in both research settings and clinical and educational applications. The bilingual nature of the instrument facilitates its use in multilingual communities and cross-cultural studies, and helps to collect comparable data. This tool can be used as a comprehensive assessment framework in research, education, and programs related to animal welfare.