On the Non-Equivalence of Observational Frames and the Necessity of Invariant Inference Constraints in Galactic Dynamics

This paper establishes the inferential foundations underlying Observer-Normalized Scale Relativity (ONSR). We distinguish local physical equivalence from global inferential non-equivalence, and demonstrate that comparisons between spatially and observationally separated galactic systems require invariant coherence constraints in order to preserve structural meaning. The framework does not propose new physical laws, particles, or modified dynamics. Instead, it formalizes the conditions under which global physical inference is well-defined. Apparent dark-matter-like discrepancies are shown to arise naturally when invariant inferred structure is compared across globally non-equivalent observational frames without proper normalization. This work serves as a keystone paper for subsequent ONSR publications, clarifying scope, assumptions, and interpretive boundaries.