Analytical Methods for the Metoprolol Succinate and Empagliflozin in Pharmaceutical Dosage Form: A Review

Cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus represent two of the most significant global health burdens, frequently coexisting and synergistically increasing morbidity and mortality. Metoprolol succinate, a cardioselective β1 adrenergic receptor blocker, is extensively prescribed for hypertension, angina pectoris, heart failure, and arrhythmias. Empagliflozin, a sodium–glucose co transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, is widely used in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus and has shown remarkable cardiovascular and renal protective effects beyond glycemic control. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of Metoprolol succinate and Empagliflozin, including their pharmacological actions, physicochemical properties, therapeutic applications, and reported analytical methods. Special emphasis is placed on analytical techniques such as UV spectrophotometry, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC), and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) used for their estimation individually and in combined dosage forms. This review aims to serve as a ready reference for researchers, analysts, and formulation scientists.