ЦУКРОВИЙ ДІАБЕТ 1 ТА 2 ТИПУ: ПОРІВНЯЛЬНИЙ ОГЛЯД ТА СУЧАСНІ ТЕРАПЕВТИЧНІ ПІДХОДИ

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia due to insufficient insulin secretion or impaired insulin action. The main types are type 1 diabetes (T1D), type 2 diabetes (T2D), and gestational diabetes (GDM). This review provides a comparative analysis of the pathophysiology, clinical features, and contemporary management strategies for different types of diabetes. Emphasis is placed on pharmacological therapy, including insulin formulations and non-insulin agents, with a focus on recent incretin-based therapies.