STYLISTIC FEATURES OF VERB IN ENGLISH AND AZERBAIJANI LANGUAGES

The verb constitutes a central and multifunctional category within the grammatical and stylistic systems of both English and Azerbaijani, serving not only as the primary bearer of predication but also as a key means of encoding temporal reference, aspectual distinctions, modality, and discourse-related meanings. This study provides a contrastive and functional analysis of the stylistic features of verbal forms in English and Azerbaijani, with particular emphasis on tense–aspect oppositions, voice constructions, modal expression, and verb-forming mechanisms. The analysis demonstrates that English, as an analytic language with a highly grammaticalized tense–aspect system, achieves stylistic differentiation largely through auxiliary-based constructions, progressive and perfect forms, and the extensive use of passive voice, especially in scientific, academic, and official registers where impersonality and objectivity are stylistically prioritized. Azerbaijani, by contrast, as an agglutinative language, relies predominantly on morphological suffixation, derivational strategies, auxiliary verbs, and contextual interpretation to convey stylistic and pragmatic nuances of verbal meaning. Special attention is paid to the stylistic distribution of active and passive constructions, as well as to the role of modality in shaping degrees of obligation, probability, and speaker stance in different functional styles. The findings reveal that stylistic variation in verbal usage is deeply rooted in the typological properties of the two languages and plays a significant role in contrastive linguistics, functional stylistics, discourse analysis, and translation studies, particularly with regard to achieving stylistic equivalence across languages.