SUBCHORIONIC HEMATOMA IN EARLY GESTATION, THE RISK OF FETAL GROWTH RESTRICTION AND ADVERSE PERINATAL OUTCOMES

Early gestational bleeding is a common obstetric complication and is increasingly recognized as a clinical marker of impaired implantation and placental dysfunction. One of the most frequent ultrasound findings in this context is sub chorionic hematoma (SCH), which has been associated with a spectrum of adverse perinatal outcomes. Accumulating evidence suggests that SCH reflects abnormal placentation processes that may persist beyond the first trimester and contribute to fetal growth restriction, preterm delivery, placental abruption, and other complications. This review synthesizes current evidence on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, prognostic significance, and clinical implications of SCH and early pregnancy bleeding, with particular emphasis on fetal growth restriction and perinatal outcomes.