HORMONAL IMBALANCE AND CAUSES OF FEMALE INFERTILITY: A CLINICAL AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL REVIEW

Female infertility is a multifactorial condition frequently associated with hormonal imbalance affecting the hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian axis. Disorders in endocrine regulation can disrupt ovulation, menstrual regularity, and endometrial receptivity. This article reviews the major hormonal causes of female infertility, including polycystic ovary syndrome, thyroid dysfunction, hyperprolactinemia, luteal phase defects, and metabolic influences. Mechanisms, diagnostic approaches, and current management strategies are discussed. Understanding endocrine-related infertility is essential for early diagnosis and targeted therapy.