JASMONIC ACID INDUCED DEFENSE MECHANISMS AGAINST INSECT PESTS IN CHICKPEA

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is one of the most important and nutritious legume crops. It is often severely affected by insect pests, particularly the gram pod borer (Helicoverpa armigera), leading to significant yield losses. Jasmonic acid plays a central role in regulating plant defense responses against insect herbivory. Upon insect attack, JA biosynthesis and signaling are rapidly activated, resulting in the induction of direct defenses such as proteinase inhibitors, secondary metabolites, oxidative burst and strengthening of physical barriers. JA also mediates indirect defenses through the emission of herbivore-induced plant volatiles that attract natural enemies. Understanding JA-induced defense mechanisms provides opportunities for developing sustainable pest management strategies in chickpea.