TOXICITY INDUCED BY ANIMALS AND BIRDS: PRINCIPLES OF AYURVEDIC MANAGEMENT

Ayurveda classifies poisons according to their source into Sthavara Visha, or plant and mineral based poisons, and Jangama Visha, or animal based poisons. For example, snakes produce venom that is considered Jangama Visha, as do various insects, the Akhu, Lutha, Vruschika, Ucchitinga, Manduka and Kanabha, etc. Many types of animal and insect poisons also fall under this classification, including Makshika, because all these harmful substances originate from living organisms. Ayurveda manages the symptoms associated with poisoning using various approaches which includes Aushadha, Panchakarma, Vishaghna lepa and supportive rituals. The use of Agada Kalpa along with lifestyle and dietary adjustments also help to support this process. This article presents a summary of both Ayurvedic concepts regarding the types of toxins produced by animals and birds and shows how Ayurveda treats the effects of these toxins on the human body.