Finite Convergence and Frame Slip in Physical Inference

This preprint introduces a unifying diagnostic framework for understanding late-time physical anomalies that arise when inference is performed across dynamically coupled systems that have not yet fully converged. The framework formalizes the principle of finite dynamical convergence, in which reference frames governed by shared dynamics relax toward mutual alignment over finite timescales rather than remaining instantaneously synchronized. The resulting transient mismatch—termed frame slip—is shown to be conservative, self-limiting, and compatible with standard field equations. No new particles, forces, or modifications of General Relativity are introduced. Instead, the framework identifies when global quantities are well-defined and when they are still in the process of formation due to incomplete equilibration. A worked cosmological example demonstrates how finite convergence between matter-anchored and field-anchored inference frames naturally produces a scale- and redshift-dependent discrepancy in inferred expansion rates, consistent with the qualitative structure of the late-time Hubble tension. The framework yields explicit falsifiability criteria, including the restoration of isotropy under deep averaging and the suppression of slip in high-coupling or early-time regimes. This work is intended as a diagnostic and interpretive framework, not a claim of explanatory closure. It aims to clarify when apparent tensions may reflect transient non-equilibrium inference effects rather than failures of underlying physical laws. Two supplementary documents accompany this preprint:(1) a quantitative assessment exploring magnitude estimates, regime validity, and observational discriminants; and(2) a conceptual note providing an intuitive overview of the framework and its testable predictions. These materials are provided for transparency and critical engagement. This research is produced independently under the Drive-In s.r.o. research programme.Readers who wish to support its continuation may do so here: https://ko-fi.com/johnryder99892