Caloptilia ceryneia Guiguet, Lopez-Vaamonde, van Nieukerken & Ohshima 2026, sp. nov.

Caloptilia ceryneia Guiguet, Lopez-Vaamonde, van Nieukerken & Ohshima, sp. nov. Figs 11–14, 22, 25, 26, 32–34, 43–45 Type material. Holotype. New Caledonia • ♂; Province Sud, Farino, near La Fao, Parc des Grandes Fougères; 21.626°S, 165.759°E; alt. 430 m; 15 Sep. 2018; 17 Sep. 2018 em. [adult emergence]; Ohshima, Issei et al. leg.; Rearing No. IsO-1072; Host: “ Glochidion billarideri ” [recte billardierei] “ (Same as IsO-1058) ”; DNA extraction No.: IO-849 & IO-963; Genitalia slide: EvN 5650; RMNH.INS.25650; RMNH. Paratypes (1 ♂ 1 ♀). New Caledonia • 1 ♂; same collecting data as holotype; 30 Sep. 2018 em.; DNA extraction No.: IO-850 & IO-964; Genitalia slide: EvN 5564; RMNH.INS.25564; RMNH • 1 ♀; Province Sud, Nouméa, Parc Zoologigue & Forestier; 22.2582°S 166.458°S; alt. 83 m; 03 Mar. 2019; 14 Mar. 2019 em.; Issei Ohshima leg.; Rearing No. IsO-1089; Host: “ Glochidion billarideri ” [recte billardierei]); DNA extraction No.: IO-995; Genitalia slide: EvN 5565; RMNH.INS.25565; RMNH. Diagnosis. The red-orange colour of the forewing of C. ceryneia is unique in Caloptilia, as well as the lustrous yellow blotch pattern (Figs 11–14). The male and female genitalia are very similar to those of C. augeas, but this species is clearly distinguished from C. augeas by the straight ventral margin of valva in the male genitalia and by the short-straight back-knife shaped signa in the female genitalia. Larvae induce small leaf galls on Glochidion billardierei, and the galls protrude equally on the adaxial and abaxial sides with an opening on the abaxial side (Figs 43–45). Description of adult. Habitus (Figs 11–14). Forewing length 4.35–4.83 mm (4.83 in holotype). No sexual dimorphism exhibited. Head: Vertex red-orange. Antenna 1.1 longer than forewing, yellow, annulated with brown. Labial palpus upcurved, each segment red-orange and basally yellow. Thorax: Tegula anterior half red-orange shading into yellow laterally, posterior half lustrous yellow. Forewing rather broad, with ground of red-orange scales; few yellow scales at the base; a small lustrous yellow spot near the base, reaching dorsum but not costa; first costal blotch from basal 1 / 4 to 1 / 3, lustrous yellow, connected with a dorsal spot or unconnected (holotype); second costal blotch from beyond middle to 2 / 3, lustrous yellow, sometimes triangular shaped, not reaching dorsum; third costal blotch ~ 1 / 2 the size of second blotch, lustrous yellow; a series of lustrous yellow spots of variable shapes below the third costal blotch, sometimes merging with it; dorsum red-orange with 2–5 lustrous yellow spots of variable shapes; first line in fringe red-orange shading to lustrous yellow, second line in fringe lustrous yellow shading to red-orange posteriorly, third line in fringe lustrous yellow shading to red-orange. Hindwing lustrous bronze; fringe lustrous bronze. Fore- and midlegs with coxa red-orange; tarsi lustrous yellow; hindleg with coxa lustrous yellow. Abdomen: terga lustrous bronze; sterna lustrous bronze. Male genitalia (Figs 25, 26): Tegumen slightly shorter than vinculum, poorly sclerotised. Valva elongate, upcurved, distally and dorsally dilated, straight on terminal margin, setose on almost all the internal ventral surface of cucullus, distally and apically naked. Vinculum a little less than 2 / 3 of as long as valva, gradually tapering toward obtusely pointed apex. Phallus ~ 1.2 × as long as vinculum, needle-shaped, without cornuti; phallus length 470–500 µm. Female genitalia (Figs 32–34): Papilla analis with a small number of spine-like setae on dorso-caudal corner besides usual slender setae, posterior edge straight with a concave region on half of its length. Ductus bursae long, slender, membranous. Ductus seminalis meets ductus bursae close to ostium. Corpus bursae piriform, wrinkled; a pair of signa curved, shaped like a short straight back knife, slightly protruding externally, with denticulation along the inner curve, shorter than the radius of the corpus bursae section. Signa length 90–92 µm. Biology. This species was found in the New Caledonian rain forest, where its host plant, Glochidion billardierei Baill. (Phyllanthaceae) grows. The larvae of this species induce small leaf galls that protrude equally on both the adaxial and abaxial side (Figs 43–45). Similar to C. augeas, the galls have a small opening on the abaxial side, which the larvae use to expell their frass out of the larval chamber. Once they have done this, they seal the opening with a silk membrane. Early instars are assumed make epidermal leaf-mines before inducing a gall. Right before pupation, the larva digs the future adult exit hole below the adaxial surface of the gall on the extremity opposed to the frass hole, leaving only a circular membrane of epiderm cuticle. The larva pupates inside the gall. The adults from the Parc des Grandes Fougères, galls collected on 15 September, emerged on 17 and 30 September; the one from Noumea, collected 3 March, emerged 14 March. Distribution. The species is currently known from only two localities: two individuals found in Parc des Grandes Fougères and a single individual was recorded at the Botanical Gardens in Nouméa. Etymology. The specific name ceryneia refers to the ancient Greek city of Ceryneia or Keryneia (Κερύνεια), the location of the Ceryneian Hind from Greek mythology, which features in the third Labour of Hercules. The moth’s striking yellow and red wing pattern evokes the golden antlers and bronze hooves of the mythical deer. Its cryptic gall-inducing behaviour also recalls the elusive nature of the Ceryneian hind, which was known for its ability to remain hidden. The epithet is to be treated as a noun in apposition. DNA barcodes. All three specimens were barcoded (IO-849, IO-850, IO-995), forming a single BIN, BOLD: AEC 4478 (Suppl. materials 1, 2). Its nearest neighbour is BIN BOLD: AEC 4316, formed by the 28 barcodes of Caloptilia augeas at 3.69 % (p - distance) (Suppl. materials 2, 3). Remarks. Both female and male genital morphology of this species is similar to that of C. cecidophora, suggesting the close relationship among the three gall-inducing species. According to the original description, C. hercoscelis has greyish fore- and hindwings, indicating that the present two new species are clearly distinct species.