Comprehensive Update on Allergic Rhinitis from an Otolaryngology Perspective: Clinical, Diagnostic, and Therapeutic Considerations

Allergic rhinitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the nasal mucosa mediated by immunoglobulin E (IgE) following exposure to environmental allergens. It represents one of the most common conditions encountered in otolaryngology practice and constitutes a significant public health problem due to its high prevalence, chronic course, and negative impact on quality of life. Although not life threatening, allergic rhinitis is closely associated with asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis, otitis media, sleep disturbances, and impaired academic and work performance (1,3). Despite the availability of effective treatments, the disease remains underdiagnosed and frequently undertreated. This review aims to provide a comprehensive update on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approach, and current therapeutic strategies for allergic rhinitis from an otolaryngology perspective, emphasizing the importance of individualized and evidence-based management to optimize patient outcomes.