The Buddharaksa Moral Community Model: A Structural Mutual Support System for Sustainable Social Development

This article proposes the Buddharaksa Moral Community Model as a structural framework for sustainable social development. It presents a comparative analysis between the Populist Cash Distribution Model and the Structural Mutual Support System, integrating comparative country case studies and conceptual synthesis from moral community development practices. The study finds that populist cash distribution policies may generate short-term benefits such as consumption stimulation and temporary social stabilization. However, they produce long-term structural harms, including fiscal discipline breakdown, dependency culture, erosion of productive systems and the weakening of human capacity development. In contrast, the Buddharaksa Moral Community Model emphasizes mutual support, reciprocity, human capacity-building, self-reliance and community networks. Financial resources are used only as limited, conditional, short-term stabilization tools, not as core development mechanisms.