The impact of 2020 on mental health: widespread downturns but resilience in Piedmont, Campania, and the Aosta Valley

Mental health in Italy shows differentiated trends: the North starts from higher levels, but the South and the Islands record the most substantial improvements, partially narrowing the gap. The impact of the 2020 pandemic is evident, with declines or fluctuations in many regions, but in the following years there are signs of resilience and recovery, particularly in Piedmont, the Aosta Valley, and Campania. Some regions show significant progress (Calabria, Tuscany, Sardinia), while others, despite maintaining high values, show an overall deterioration (Trentino–Alto Adige, Liguria, Lazio, Emilia-Romagna).