Precision Oncology – The Future of Targeted Cancer Treatment

Cancer remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with an estimated 19.3 million new cases and 10 million deaths in 2023 (WHO, 2023). The global incidence is rising steadily, driven by aging populations, urbanization, lifestyle changes, and environmental exposures, positioning cancer as one of the most pressing public health challenges of the 21st century. Conventional cancer therapies—including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery—have improved survival for certain malignancies but are often applied in a one-size-fits-all manner , resulting in inconsistent efficacy, substantial systemic toxicity, and significant adverse effects. The molecular and genetic heterogeneity of tumors further complicates treatment, limiting the predictive accuracy of traditional approaches and highlighting the need for individualized strategies.