Bioadhesive Properties of Natural Polymer in Drug Delivery: An Overview

Natural polymers, gums, and mucilages have emerged as crucial bioadhesive components in various drug delivery routes, including oral, nasal, ocular, transdermal and vaginal applications. This study highlights the unique properties of these biopolymers, which enhance drug retention and absorption through mucoadhesion mechanisms. This comprehensive overview examines the advantages of these bioadhesives, focusing on their ability to enhance drug solubility, stability, and localized delivery. The mechanisms of adhesion, such as hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces, are discussed in relation to different drug delivery systems. This overview explores the diverse functionalities of these biopolymers, focusing on their mucoadhesive properties that facilitate prolonged drug residence time and enhanced absorption. Case studies are presented, illustrating the various natural polymers in the pharmaceutical application like a suspending agent, emulsifying agent, mucoadhesive agent, binder, disintegrant, Drug release Biodegradable carrier for colon specific release, enteric resistant and sustained release substantial and many more. Additionally, the review addresses the physicochemical characteristics that contribute to bioadhesion and the implications for patient compliance and therapeutic efficacy. It concludes with insights into future research directions and the potential for these natural materials to improve drug delivery.