Glaucoma: Optic Nerve Damage — Causes, Diagnosis, and Pharmacological Management

This professional medical infographic provides a comprehensive overview of glaucoma, combining pathophysiology, causes, diagnosis, and pharmacological management in a clean, educational format. The central graphic illustrates the optic nerve with glaucomatous damage, highlighting optic disc cupping and nerve fiber loss. Two branching arrows explain local causes (aqueous humor buildup → increased IOP → nerve compression) and systemic causes (reduced blood flow → ischemia → optic nerve damage), with types of glaucoma, IOP readings, and treatment goals for each. Below the pathophysiology section, first-line and second-line drug therapies are organized in separate inflow/outflow boxes with specific agents and dosing, including Beta-Blockers, Prostaglandin Analogues, Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors, Alpha-2 Agonists, Cholinergic Agonists, and Rho-Kinase Inhibitors. The infographic uses a white background with calm, academic colors (soft blues, teals, muted grays), clear labeled boxes, subtle inflow/outflow icons, and clean professional fonts. It is ideal for teaching, clinical reference, and academic publications.