Current Advances in 3D Bioprinting for Cancer Modeling and Personalized Medicine

Recent advancements in three-dimensional (3D) printing technology have significantly transformed the field of healthcare, particularly in cancer research and treatment. With its rapid prototyping capability, 3D printing enables the swift translation of oncology discoveries into clinical applications, accelerating the drug discovery and development process. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest 3D printing methodologies—such as fused deposition modeling (FDM), stereolithography (SLA), and semisolid extrusion—and their integration into oncology. These techniques allow the fabrication of intricate, patient- specific structures with tailored mechanical and biological properties.Applications of 3D printing in cancer care include the development of anticancer pharmaceuticals, 3D- bioprinted cancer cell and tumor models, customized medical devices, drug delivery systems for localized and controlled release, and patientspecific implants that enhance surgical precision and therapeutic outcomes. Additionally, 3D-printed molds and boluses have improved radiation therapy accuracy by ensuring precise delivery based on individual patient anatomy. By bridging engineering and medicine, 3D printing offers a transformative approach to personalized cancer care, improving diagnostic models, treatment planning, and clinical outcomes. Finally, the challenges and future directions of 3D printing in oncology are discussed, emphasizing its potential to revolutionize modern cancer treatment and drug development.