A Scale-Based Reassessment of Cosmological Observations: Redshift, Galactic Dynamics, and Large-Scale Structure

This work presents a scale-based reassessment of cosmological observations, focusing on redshift, galactic dynamics, and large-scale structure. It introduces a reinterpretation of redshift based on the Light Universe Theory, which explains observed wavelength shifts as a natural consequence of cosmic temperature evolution rather than space expansion. Galactic rotation curves are analyzed through Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND), emphasizing that local galactic dynamics can be treated independently from cosmological-scale issues. Large-scale structures and CMB anisotropies are interpreted within the Light Universe framework, maintaining causal consistency without relying on dark matter or dark energy. This study provides a conceptual framework that separates phenomena by observational scale, offering intuitive insights complementary to standard cosmological models.