Why the Standard Model Cannot Explain Its Own Parameters

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Authors: Amos Maley
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Abstract

This paper establishes a structural limitation on the Standard Model: it cannot explain the values, ranges, or stability of its own free parameters without violating admissibility. It proves that any attempt by the Standard Model to internally account for its coupling constants, masses, mixing angles, or symmetry-breaking scales necessarily relies on illicit explanatory moves that exceed the theory’s admissible scope. The result is eliminative rather than corrective. The paper does not propose extensions, hidden sectors, dynamical mechanisms, or anthropic principles to “solve” the parameter problem. Instead, it shows that treating parameter explanation as an internal task of the Standard Model commits a category error: the theory presupposes fixed parameters in order to function, and cannot simultaneously ground their necessity or values without circularity or scope transport. The analysis blocks a broad class of approaches in which parameter values are explained via internal symmetries, renormalization arguments, vacuum selection, or embedding frameworks that implicitly assume a wider explanatory regime while presenting themselves as internal to the Standard Model. Such approaches are shown to conflate descriptive success with admissible explanation. This work is purely boundary-setting. It introduces no new primitives, no alternative models, and no constructive explanations. Its contribution is to clarify what the Standard Model can and cannot legitimately explain, delimiting parameter values as boundary conditions of the theory rather than objects of internal theoretical explanation.

Fields of Study & Subjects

Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies Advanced Mathematical Theories and Applications Relativity and Gravitational Theory

Publication details

Journal / source
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Publication date
7 February 2026