Ontic Richness Without Degrees of Freedom

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Authors: Amos Maley
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Abstract

This paper establishes that ontic richness does not require degrees of freedom and that the widespread association between richness and parametric variability is a representational error. It shows that structural completeness and explanatory sufficiency can be achieved without introducing graded, continuous, or countable degrees of freedom at the ontic level. Within a closed admissibility framework, degrees of freedom belong to representational skins, not to the admissible interior. They arise from expressive choices made to facilitate description, comparison, or computation, not from features of reality itself. When degrees of freedom are treated as ontic necessities, representational latitude is illicitly reified into physical or metaphysical structure. The analysis is eliminative. No alternative ontology is proposed, and no reduction of existing theories is attempted. Instead, the paper establishes a boundary condition: ontic claims are admissible only when they do not rely on parametric variation as a marker of richness, capacity, or explanatory depth. Where richness is inferred from the presence of degrees of freedom, the inference is invalid. By separating ontic richness from representational degrees, the paper dissolves foundational assumptions shared across physics, metaphysics, and formal modeling. It closes debates that presuppose a trade-off between determinacy and richness by showing that the trade-off arises entirely from a category error about the role of degrees of freedom.

Fields of Study & Subjects

Philosophy and History of Science Philosophy and Theoretical Science Philosophy Science and History

Publication details

Journal / source
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Publication date
7 February 2026