L1 Paper 11 Hypercharge Normalization Electric Charge Quantization
Abstract
This paper shows that hypercharge normalization and electric charge quantization are not independent modeling choices but forced consequences of admissibility, standing preservation, and chiral consistency within a local skin. The analysis is eliminative: it demonstrates that once minimal chiral load and identity persistence are fixed, only a single normalization class remains compatible with non-degenerate interaction and compositional closure. Electric charge quantization is derived as a structural constraint on admissible equivalence classes rather than as an empirical postulate or symmetry assumption. Attempts to vary normalization continuously or to admit alternative charge assignments are shown to either collapse distinctions required for standing, reintroduce illicit scope transport, or violate closure under interaction. The paper introduces no new primitives and does not propose mechanisms or calculations. Its contribution is boundary-setting: it clarifies why discrete charge structure and hypercharge normalization must appear in any admissible local representation, and why departures from this structure are structurally inadmissible rather than merely unobserved.
Fields of Study & Subjects
Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies
Advanced Mathematical Theories and Applications
Quantum and Classical Electrodynamics
Publication details
- Journal / source
- Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
- Publication date
- 7 February 2026