Derivation of Baryon Masses from Confinement Geometry and Relativistic Kinematics
Abstract
A model for calculating hadron masses is proposed based on the relativistic kinetic energy of quarks localized within a volume of fixed radius. Binding is ensured by geometric confinement rather than gluon exchange. The mass is determined by the formula $M = \sum \sqrt{(pc)^2 + m_q^2}$, where the momentum $p$ is set by quantum uncertainty $p \approx \xi \hbar / R$. Model parameters ($R = \SI{0.84}{\femto\meter}$ for baryons, $r_{\text{pair}} = \SI{0.50}{\femto\meter}$ for diquarks) are taken from independent measurements (proton form factor) and the uncertainty principle. The model predicts masses of 30+ ground-state baryons with accuracy $< \SI{0.1}{\percent}$. This work is an appendix to https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18518434. At the moment, the formula and model are being refined for a more accurate analysis of all structures. It is planned to add automatic determination of the radius of stable position for orbits and orbital pairs, as well as for complex types of hadrons
Fields of Study & Subjects
Quantum Chromodynamics and Particle Interactions
Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies
High-Energy Particle Collisions Research
Publication details
- Journal / source
- Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
- Publication date
- 7 February 2026
- Language
- EN