Architectural Characteristics and Stratigraphic Analysis of the Northern Sector of Almus Castrum (Dacia Ripensis): New Data from Archaeological Research of the Danube Limes in Bulgaria

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the archaeological excavations in the northern sector of Almus Castrum (Lom, Bulgaria), conducted between 2014 and 2023. By examining stratigraphic sequences and significant finds—including a 1st-century AD golden phalera and lead exagia—the study establishes a precise chronology for the fortification’s development within the province of Dacia Ripensis. The research focuses on the architectural transformation from a specialized military castellum to a fortified Late Antique settlement (civitas). Integrating numismatic evidence from the Constantinian era and ceramic typology (terra sigillata), the work provides critical data for the nomination of the "Frontiers of the Roman Empire – The Danube Limes" as a UNESCO World Heritage site.