СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ХИРУРГИЧЕСКОГО ЛЕЧЕНИЯ СПОНДИЛОЛИСТЕЗА (ОБЗОР ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННЫХ И ЗАРУБЕЖНЫХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ).

Spondylolisthesis is a multifactorial spinal disorder characterized by vertebral displacement and severe clinical and neurological manifestations. Despite advances in diagnostic and conservative treatment methods, surgical intervention remains the primary treatment option for moderate and severe forms of the disease. This article provides an extended analysis of modern surgical approaches to the treatment of spondylolisthesis, taking into account pathogenetic mechanisms, degree of displacement, patient age, and comorbidities. The advantages and limitations of various surgical techniques are discussed, along with a review of clinical outcomes reported by domestic and international authors and perspectives for the future development of spinal surgery.