MULTIMORBIDITY AND CHRONIC DISEASE BURDEN IN AUTOIMMUNE DISORDERS

Autoimmune diseases are chronic immune-mediated disorders that are frequently accompanied by multiple chronic comorbid conditions. Accumulating evidence indicates that patients with autoimmune diseases have a substantially increased risk of developing cardiovascular, metabolic, musculoskeletal, renal, and psychiatric disorders, which significantly worsen clinical outcomes and quality of life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and clinical significance of chronic comorbidities in autoimmune diseases and to explore underlying pathogenic mechanisms. A narrative review of the literature published between 2010 and 2024 was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. The reviewed studies demonstrate that persistent systemic inflammation, immune dysregulation, shared genetic susceptibility, and long-term immunosuppressive therapy play a central role in the development of multimorbidity. The coexistence of multiple chronic conditions complicates disease management and is associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare utilization. Early identification of comorbidities and implementation of multidisciplinary, patient-centered management strategies are essential to improve long-term outcomes in patients with autoimmune diseases.