Dual-Layer Architecture of Data Infrastructure: The Co-Evolution of Value Circulation, Data Commodification and AI Adaptability (数据基础设施的双层架构)

Abstract As the Digital Economy advances in depth, the construction of Data Infrastructure has become a Strategic High Ground for global competition. Building upon existing research, this paper proposes the theoretical framework of "Dual-Layer Architecture of Data Infrastructure," dividing the infrastructure of the Data Economy into two interdependent and co-evolving dimensions: the "Value Circulation Layer" and the "Security and Trust Layer." The core innovations of this paper include: First, introducing Market Mechanism analysis from a Historical Institutionalism perspective, demonstrating through classic cases such as the Novell vs. TCP/IP competition that Open Standards and the Market Mechanism play an important role in Technology Standards Competition. Second, constructing a theoretical framework for Data Commodification, elucidating how the Security and Trust Layer supports data moving from "resources" to "commodities" through four mechanisms: Rights Confirmation, Pricing, Tradability, and Provenance Tracking, thereby enabling Market-oriented Value Circulation. Third, proposing the "Data-AI Adaptability" theoretical framework, arguing that AI Adaptability is one of the key variables affecting Data Infrastructure success, with the Value Circulation Layer providing systematic support for AI development through Market-based Supply Mechanism, Rights Confirmation and value distribution, AIGC circulation, and Agent-to-Agent Value Exchange Protocols. Fourth, clarifying that, under Cross-entity Collaboration and Auditable Rule Execution requirements, Distributed Ledger systems are a common infrastructure option for implementing Verifiable Shared State in the Dual-Layer Architecture. Based on the case analysis of the Programmable Payment Architecture and the Hardware-Isolated Secure Terminal, this paper deeply analyzes the technical implementation paths, Institutional Design Logic, and industrial application prospects of the Dual-Layer Architecture. The research shows that the Value Circulation Layer achieves efficient data-driven Value Circulation through Programmable Payments and Smart Contracts, while the Security and Trust Layer safeguards Digital Sovereignty and Privacy and Security through hardware isolation and On-device Encryption. Their synergy constitutes a complete infrastructure foundation for the Digital Economy. This research has important theoretical and practical significance for promoting the transformation of the Global Data Governance System and bridging the data divide. 摘 要 随着数字经济向纵深发展,数据基础设施的建设已成为全球竞争的重要议题。本文在既有研究基础上,提出"数据基础设施双层架构"理论框架,将数据经济的基础设施划分为"价值流通层"与"安全信任层"两个相互依存、协同演进的维度。本文的核心创新在于:第一,从历史制度主义视角引入市场化机制分析,通过Novell与TCP/IP竞争等经典案例,论证开放标准与市场化机制在技术基础设施竞争中的关键作用;第二,构建数据商品化的理论框架,阐明安全信任层如何通过确权、定价、可交易性和可追溯性四大机制,支持数据从"资源"转化为"商品",从而促进市场化价值流通;第三,提出"数据与AI适配度"理论框架,论证AI适配度是影响数据基础设施成败的关键变量之一,价值流通层通过市场化供给机制、确权与价值分配、AIGC流通和代理间价值交换协议,为AI发展提供系统性支持;第四,阐明高吞吐量、低交易成本的分布式账本技术作为双层架构基础设施基础的技术必要性。 基于可编程支付架构与硬件隔离终端两个案例的分析,本文系统讨论了双层架构的技术实现路径、制度设计逻辑与产业应用前景。本文提出:价值流通层通过可编程支付与智能合约实现数据驱动的价值高效流转,安全信任层通过硬件隔离与端侧加密保障数据主权与隐私安全,二者的协同构成了数字经济的完整基础设施底座。本文的研究对于推动全球数据治理体系变革、弥合数据鸿沟具有重要的理论与实践意义。