Dilemma of Consumer Protection Law Enforcement in E-Commerce in the Grabtoko Case: Who is Responsible?

This study highlights the dilemma of enforcing consumer protection laws in online marketplaces in the Grabtoko case, which shows a gap between legal norms and their implementation in the field. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of consumer protection laws in Indonesia, evaluate the investigation and prosecution processes in the Grabtoko case, and formulate policy recommendations to strengthen criminal law enforcement against misleading advertisements in e-commerce. This research is normative in nature, using a case study and legislation approach. Primary legal materials include the Consumer Protection Law, Government Regulation No. 80 of 2019, the ITE Law, and Decision No. 465/Pid.Sus/2021/PN JKT SEL, while secondary materials consist of law books, journal articles, and official online media reports. The analysis technique used is qualitative, in the form of legal document review and synthesis of legal arguments. The results of the study reveal inconsistencies in the application of norms, particularly in the verification of business actors and the authentication of digital evidence, as well as legal obstacles in proving the element of intent. The four-year prison sentence sets an important precedent, but the proof of subjective mens rea still needs to be strengthened. Recommendations include regulatory revisions, e-KYC certification, digital forensics training, and inter-agency coordination mechanisms to improve the effectiveness of law enforcement.