PHYSICAL FOUNDATIONS OF NANOTECHNOLOGIES AND THEIR PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

This article presents a comprehensive analysis of the physical foundations of nanotechnology and the mechanisms of their formation. The structural features of nanomaterials, the principles of their classification, and their role in physical processes are discussed in detail. In addition, the possibilities of applying nanotechnology in various fields of modern science and technology—such as energy, agriculture, medicine, and electronics—are demonstrated through scientific examples. The research results reveal promising prospects for the implementation of nanotechnologies in practical applications.