THE WORLDWIDE IMPACT OF RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS INFECTION IN CHILDREN: PROGRESS AND ONGOING CHALLENGES IN CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is one of the leading causes of acute respiratory diseases among neonates and young children worldwide. Its high transmissibility, pronounced seasonality, and severity of clinical manifestations, including bronchiolitis and pneumonia, make RSV a significant public health concern. The long-standing absence of specific antiviral therapies has limited etiological treatment options, resulting primarily in supportive and symptomatic care. In recent years, substantial progress has been made in disease prevention, including the introduction of long-acting monoclonal antibodies (nirsevimab), the registration of vaccines for use in pregnant women (Abrysvo, Arexvy), and the development of innovative platforms, including mRNA technologies, offering new prospects for reducing RSV-related morbidity and mortality. Particular attention is given to infants in the first six months of life and high-risk groups, including preterm neonates, children with congenital heart defects, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and immune system disorders. Modern diagnostic approaches combine clinical criteria with highly sensitive laboratory methods, such as rapid RSV antigen tests and PCR. The integration of contemporary preventive strategies, enhancement of epidemiological surveillance, and rational use of healthcare resources are key directions in combating RSV infection and reducing its global burden.