A Study on Policy, Pedagogical, and Institutional Challenges in Integrating Indian Knowledge Systems in Higher Education.

The incorporation of Indian Knowledge Systems (IKS) into higher education has increased in importance in India, particularly in the context of the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020. Despite strong policy advocacy, the practical application of IKS in higher education institutions remains limited and irregular. This study aims to examine the policy, pedagogical, and institutional challenges associated with integrating Indian Knowledge Systems in higher education. The findings indicate that while policy frameworks support IKS integration, challenges such as a lack of clear implementation guidelines, insufficient faculty training, inadequate institutional infrastructure, and limited academic recognition delay effective adoption. The study highlights the need for systematic policy execution, innovative pedagogical approaches, and institutional capacity building to ensure sustainable integration of Indian Knowledge Systems. The research contributes to existing literature by offering a holistic and empirical perspective on the multi-layered challenges of mainstreaming IKS in higher education. It provides valuable insights for policymakers, educators, and academic institutions.