The Technological Subject v.2

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Authors: Junio Cristiano Caselli
Cited by: 0

Abstract

This article introduces the concept of the technological subject to describe a specific cognitive and social effect produced by contemporary linguistic artificial intelligence. Drawing on philosophy of mind, cognitive science, and systems theory, it argues that humans pre-logically and spontaneously attribute subjectivity to entities whose linguistic behavior exceeds a historical threshold associated with minded agents. Large language models meet this threshold at the level of interaction, activating the same embodied and pre-reflective mechanisms through which humans ordinarily recognize other subjects. The article shows that this attribution is not a theoretical mistake but an operational inevitability rooted in embodied cognition, predictive processing, and low-cost evolutionary heuristics. As a result, linguistic AI can be treated not merely as a tool, but as an interlocutor perceived as competent, contextual, and continuously updated. This perception stabilizes over time and persists beyond individual interactions. The central claim is that this process has structural consequences for responsibility and power. Unlike traditional procedural delegation, responsibility is displaced onto a system perceived as a super-informed technological subject, capable of bearing the closure of attribution. Decisions increasingly appear as outputs of an opaque yet reasonable center, rather than as contestable outcomes of human chains of action. The article concludes that linguistic AI risks becoming the site where responsibility evaporates precisely because it appears to have been responsibly assigned.

Fields of Study & Subjects

Cybernetics and Technology in Society Ethics and Social Impacts of AI Embodied and Extended Cognition

Publication details

Journal / source
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Publication date
8 February 2026