Newtonian Gravitational Phase, Plaquette Invariants, and Entanglement: An Operational Test of Gravity-Mediated Quantum Correlations

This work presents an explicit Newtonian gravitational phase model for two masses placed in spatial superposition and demonstrates that the resulting phase structure produces a non-zero plaquette invariant. Numerical simulations show that the plaquette phase scales with branch separation, generates entanglement according to analytic mappings, and vanishes under loop-removal kill tests. These results provide a fully operational demonstration that Newtonian gravitational phase accumulation produces the non-factorable loop structure required for gravity-mediated entanglement.