Allergic Rhinitis: Immunopathophysiology and Symptom-Based Pharmacologic Management

This infographic integrates the stepwise immunopathophysiology of allergic rhinitis with a symptom-targeted pharmacologic treatment algorithm. The upper portion illustrates the sensitization phase and early-phase allergic response, showing allergen exposure, Th2 activation, B-cell IgE production, mast cell sensitization, and mediator release leading to sneezing, nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, nasal itching, and ocular symptoms. The lower portion maps predominant symptoms to specific therapies in a horizontal layout. Each symptom box features a realistic icon at the top and vertically stacked sub-boxes for drug class, route, representative agents, and dosing guidance, facilitating rapid clinical decision-making and educational clarity. This combined design emphasizes the connection between immune mechanisms and targeted symptom management, supporting both learning and clinical application.