Z₉ Yukawa Coefficients: Rationalization and UV Completion

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Authors: Joshua Christenson
Cited by: 0

Abstract

The Z9 Froggatt-Nielsen model reproduced all nine charged fermion masses using an expansion parameter epsilon = 2/9 and nine dimensionless Yukawa coefficients in the range [0.49, 2.09]. We show that all nine coefficients are expressible as exact rational numbers constructed exclusively from the Z9 structural constants. Statistical analysis establishes this correspondence at >4 sigma significance. We investigate the representation-theoretic origin and establish partial UV completion: Z9 emerges from modular invariance at the SL(2,Z) fixed point. This eliminates the nine free Yukawa parameters from the Standard Model while establishing the UV framework for Z9 flavor symmetry.

Fields of Study & Subjects

Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies Advanced Mathematical Theories and Applications Quantum Chromodynamics and Particle Interactions

Publication details

Journal / source
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Publication date
9 February 2026
Document type
Preprint