Structural Admissibility of Electromagnetic Information Propagation Beyond Wave–Particle Duality

This paper investigates whether wave–particle duality is a structurally necessary feature of electromagnetic information propagation or a historically contingent descriptive framework. Using a constraint-based, model-agnostic computational approach, all classical and quantum electromagnetic primitives—including wave equations, particle representations, quantization assumptions, spacetime metrics, and field formulations—are explicitly forbidden. Propagation is then examined under systematic constraint decomposition to identify which structural conditions are necessary, sufficient, or incidental. The results demonstrate that stable, causal electromagnetic-like information propagation persists in the absence of wave–particle duality and does not collapse into wave-like or particle-like behavior under partial relaxation of classical assumptions. Propagation fails only when causal coherence or information flow constraints are removed, identifying these as minimal necessary conditions. The findings indicate that wave–particle duality emerges as a late-stage descriptive attractor rather than a foundational requirement, suggesting that existing electromagnetic classifications represent a restricted subset of a broader admissible space. The work contributes to the conceptual foundations of electromagnetism and photonics by separating structural necessity from descriptive convenience.