Punica granatum L.: A Comprensive Review of Phytochemical Constituents and Biological Activities.

Pomegranate (Punica granatum L) has gained considerable scientific attention due to its exceptional phytochemical richness and broad spectrum of biological activities. This review critically examines the phytochemical composition, biological properties and antioxidant potential of pomegranate fruit, juice and molasses. An extensive survey of recent literature was carried out using major scientific databases to compile relevant studies. Pomegranate and its processed products are abundant in bioactive constituents, including polyphenols, flavonoids, hydrolysable tannins, anthocyanins, ellagic acid and punicalagins, which collectively contribute to their health promoting effects. Accumulating evidence from in-vitro and in-vivo investigations highlights diverse biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer, cardioprotective, and antidiabetic effects. Pomegranate juices and molasses often demonstrate superior antioxidant capacity compared to the fresh fruit. The pronounced antioxidant potential plays a pivotal role in mitigating oxidative stress and associated chronic disorders. Overall, the significance of pomegranate derived products as promising functional foods and natural antioxidant sources, warranting further exploration for therapeutic and nutraceutical applications.