Formal Challenge to Lambda CDM: A Quantized Fold Model of Invariant Volume

The document presents a formal challenge to the standard ΛCDM cosmological model by proposing an alternative framework called the Shelvin Datt Model of Invariant Volume. Instead of interpreting cosmic expansion as an actual increase in spatial volume driven by dark energy, the model treats the universe as a topological manifold with constant total volume and zero external surface area. Its evolution is described as unfolding through 280 discrete geometric “folds.”