Myths in Ancient and Contemporary Indian English Literature

Abstract Myths have always played a central role in shaping Indian thought, culture, and literary expression. From ancient Sanskrit epics and Puranic narratives to modern Indian English literature, myths continue to provide writers with powerful frameworks to explore human experience, moral conflict, social change, and cultural identity. This research article examines the presence and transformation of myths in ancient Indian literature and their reinterpretation in contemporary Indian English writing. The study explores how classical myths from texts such as the Ramayana, Mahabharata, and Puranas functioned as moral, philosophical, and cultural guides in early Indian society. It then analyzes how modern Indian English writers draw upon these mythic traditions to address present-day concerns such as gender roles, caste, identity, nationalism, and personal freedom. Rather than treating myths as fixed or sacred narratives, contemporary authors often revise, question, and humanize mythological figures, making them relevant to modern readers. Through a comparative literary approach, this article highlights continuity and change in the use of myth, showing how ancient narratives are reimagined to reflect contemporary realities. The study argues that myth in Indian English literature serves not only as a link to cultural heritage but also as a creative tool for critique, reinterpretation, and renewal. By examining selected ancient texts and modern literary works, this article demonstrates that myth remains a living literary force that adapts to changing historical and social contexts while retaining its symbolic depth and emotional power.