ADVANCEMENTS IN HORMONAL, IMMUNOLOGICAL, COLPOSCOPIC, AND ENDOSCOPIC DIAGNOSTIC METHODS IN GYNECOLOGY

Hormonal and immunological examinations, alongside colposcopy and endoscopic methods such as hysteroscopy and laparoscopy, play pivotal roles in diagnosing gynecological disorders, including infertility, precancerous lesions, and malignancies. This review synthesizes contemporary evidence on these diagnostic modalities, emphasizing their integration for enhanced accuracy in detecting conditions like cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, endometriosis, and ovarian pathologies. With a focus on scientific rigor, we examine technological advancements, such as AI-assisted imaging and biomarker assays, which address limitations in traditional approaches. Data from recent meta-analyses indicate high sensitivity in combined methods, with colposcopy achieving up to 90% detection rates for high-grade lesions when augmented by immunological markers. The topic's relevance is heightened by rising global incidences of gynecological cancers and infertility, necessitating efficient, minimally invasive diagnostics. High potential exists for personalized medicine through hormonal profiling and endoscopic interventions, reducing unnecessary surgeries and improving patient outcomes. This article offers a structured overview to inform clinical practice, highlighting methodological gaps and future innovations in gynecological diagnostics.