Nanoemulgel: A Comprehensive Review on Recent Advances in Topical Drug Delivery Systems

Nanoemulgels represent a significant advancement in topical drug delivery, particularly for lipophilic compounds characterised by poor aqueous solubility and low oral bioavailability. By integrating oil-in-water (o/w) nanoemulsions—typically featuring droplet sizes between 10 and 200 nm—into a structured hydrogel matrix, this system merges the high-penetration capabilities of nanotechnology with the favourable rheological properties of a gel. Unlike conventional creams or ointments, which are often hindered by greasiness and low spreadability, nanoemulgels provide a non-greasy, bio-adhesive alternative that improves patient compliance. Functionally, this delivery system bypasses first-pass metabolism and gastrointestinal degradation, delivering therapeutic agents directly to the target site. This localised approach is highly effective for treating inflammatory and infectious conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and fungal infections. The presence of surfactants and gelling agents enhances skin permeability by temporarily modifying the lipid barrier, facilitating both immediate and sustained drug release. As pharmaceutical research trends toward increasingly hydrophobic molecules, nanoemulgels stand as a superior, biocompatible standard for efficient, site-specific therapy.