Distinctive Characteristics of Nipah Virus

Nipah virus (NiV) is a highly pathogenic zoonotic virus that belongs to the family Paramyxoviridae and the genus Henipavirus. Since its first identification in 1998 during an outbreak in Malaysia, Nipah virus has attracted significant global attention due to its high mortality rate, broad host range, and potential for human-to-human transmission. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the distinctive biological, epidemiological, and clinical characteristics of Nipah virus. Special emphasis is placed on viral structure, modes of transmission, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and prevention strategies. The article is designed in accordance with academic requirements and may be used as a teaching resource for medical and biological science students.